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2024 Vol.44 Issue.3
Published 2024-03-15

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2024 Vol. 44 (3): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 75 ) PDF (433 KB)   ( 157 )
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2024 Vol. 44 (3): 1-1 [Abstract] ( 72 ) PDF (339 KB)   ( 144 )
221 The Current Activity Characteristics of Northern Margin Fault of West Qinling Mountains Based on GNSS
QU Wei, CUI Yao, HAO Ming, LI Jiuyuan

Based on four phases of GNSS crustal movement velocity fields from 1999 to 2007, 2009 to 2013, 2013 to 2017 and 2017 to 2021, we analyze the current differential movement characteristics of each secondary fault by constructing GNSS velocity profiles. Furthermore, we establish a negative dislocation model to invert the current locking degree and slip deficit rate of each secondary fault. The results show that: 1) The northern margin fault of west Qinling mountains currently presents the activity characteristics of sinistral strike-slip and thrust extrusion. 2) From 1999 to 2007, the Guomatan section and Tianshui-Baoji section were all in a strong locking state, while the Zhangxian section and Yuanfeng section were only partially locked with low degree and shallow depth. From 2009 to 2013, the locking degree of middle section of northern margin fault of west Qinling mountains was weakened. The eastern Yuanfeng section and eastern Tianshui-Baoji section changed from strong locking to creep state, while the Guomatan section and central and western  Tianshui-Baoji section still showed strong locking state. From 2013 to 2017, the northern margin fault of west Qinling mountains was in a strong locking state, and only the eastern Tianshui-Baoji section was in a creep state. From 2017 to 2021, the central and western Guomatan section, Zhangxian section, eastern Yuanfeng section, and central Tianshui-Baoji section were in a strong locking state, while the central Yuanfeng section and western Tianshui-Baoji section were in a creep state. 3) The overall distribution characteristics of slip deficit rate of each secondary fault are basically consistent with the locking degree. The Guomatan section and central Tianshui-Baoji section of northern margin of west Qinling mountains are in a strong locking state and have a strong background of strain energy accumulation.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 221-227 [Abstract] ( 82 ) PDF (9314 KB)   ( 216 )
228 Topographic Effect on Coseismic Deformation of the Lushan MS7.0 Earthquake
WANG Jinchi, DUAN Hurong, ZHANG Chenghao, LIANG Wenkang, LIU Peng

Based on the geometry model of plane fault, taking the 2013 Lushan MS7.0 earthquake as an example, we use the spectral element method to investigate the topographic effect on coseismic deformation. The results show that the influence of topographic effect on coseismic deformation in different directions varies. For the horizontal displacement component, the maximum influence along the fault strike is about 10.3%, while along the vertical fault strike is about 12.4%. For the vertical displacement component, the maximum influence is about 11.9%. Therefore, it is essential to fully consider the influence of topographic effect when calculating surface coseismic deformation or performing finite fault inversion.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 228-233 [Abstract] ( 65 ) PDF (8151 KB)   ( 139 )
234 Coseismic Deformation Field and Slip Distribution of the 2023 Tajikistan MW7.2 Earthquake Revealed by InSAR Observations
ZI Chengdai, TENG Xingfa, GUAN Shudan, YAN Gaoxiang, LIU Senping, BAI Yunfeng

We first obtain the coseismic deformation of the Tajikistan MW7.2 earthquake based on the ascending and descending Sentinel-1A SAR images. The coseismic deformation shows that the maximum displacement are 15 cm and 16 cm for ascending and descending tracks, respectively. Then the fault geometry and slip model are inverted based on the elastic dislocation model with the InSAR data as constraints. The best-fitting fault geometry parameters are 131.1° for strike and 85.7° for dip angle. This event is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip motion and has not ruptured to the surface. The slip asperity is concentrated at the depth of 10 to 30 km with a maximum slip of 3.49 m. The seismic moment magnitude is about MW7.16. Finally, we calculate the static Coulomb stress change at different depths and adjacent faults using inversion slip model. The results suggest that the magnitude of Coulomb stress change increases with depth, which is consistent with the existing stress field and geological investigations of Pamir plateau. The aftershock activity begins to occur at a depth of 10 km. Furthermore, the Coulomb stress change induced by this event has little effect on the adjacent faults.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 234-239 [Abstract] ( 72 ) PDF (8819 KB)   ( 828 )
240 Real-Time GNSS Displacement Gross Error Detection Based on Robust Random Cut Forest
ZHANG Mingzhi, WANG Xinyu, ZHAO Wenyi, WU Mingkui

Due to the influence of GNSS hardware equipment, communication link, and observation environment, GNSS displacement monitoring data often contains gross errors, which cannot reflect the real deformation characteristics. In order to solve this problem, we propose to apply the robust random cut forest(RRCF) algorithm to real-time GNSS displacement gross error detection. The simulation data processing results show that the accuracy, precision and recall rate of real-time gross error anomaly detection of RRCF algorithm are better than 95%, 98% and 96%, respectively. The results of geohazard displacement monitoring data show that when outliers occur in GNSS displacement monitoring data, the detection results of RRCF method are in good agreement with the actual outliers, and have a low misjudgment rate. Overall, the RRCF algorithm can provide relatively high accuracy and availability for real-time outlier detection of GNSS displacement monitoring data.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 240-245 [Abstract] ( 67 ) PDF (4439 KB)   ( 180 )
246 Performance Analysis of GPS PPP Enhanced by Mixed Configuration LEO Satellites
XUE Lijuan, WANG Qianxin, ZHAO Dongsheng, LI Mengmeng, ZHANG Han, WU Zhiyuan

LEO satellites have the characteristics of high signal strength and fast movement speed. The introduction of LEO satellites can improve the poor quality of GNSS receiver observation data and low positioning accuracy in complex environments such as mining areas, cities, and canyons. In this paper, a mixed configuration LEO constellation is used for positioning enhancement, and the simulated LEO satellite data is used to analyze the performance of enhanced GPS PPP with different numbers and configurations under different cut-off elevation angles. The results show that: 1) GPS joint LEO positioning can significantly increase the number of visible satellites and reduce PDOP value. 2) When the cut-off elevation angle is 30°, LEO satellites can significantly improve GPS positioning performance, and improve positioning accuracy and reduce convergence time. Among them, GPS joint the main sub-constellation (96+9) can improve positioning accuracy and reduce convergence time of HKSL station in the sub-constellation coverage area in N and U directions compared with LEO satellites with the same number of satellites.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 246-250 [Abstract] ( 63 ) PDF (3879 KB)   ( 190 )
251 Remote Evaluation Method of Time Keeping System Performance Based on GNSS Carrier Phase
SHI Minlin, ZHANG Xiangbo, ZHAO Dang, SUN Baoqi, WU Jianfeng

To test the performance of an under construction time keeping system, we propose a remote evaluation method based on GNSS carrier phase and conduct experimental verification. Taking the national standard time UTC(NTSC) as reference, and based on the GNSS observation data of four stations in Xi’an and Beijing for a continuous 15 days, we use PPP and carrier phase common-view(PCV) methods to calculate the time deviation of time keeping system relative to UTC(NTSC). Then, we analyze the relative frequency deviation and frequency stability of time keeping system. The results show that the system error of PCV and PPP time transfer links is small, and the accuracy of time transfer is high. The PCV and PPP time transfer can accurately measure the frequency stability and relative frequency deviation of time keeping systems that are far away from each other. The research results can lay a solid foundation for the remote evaluation of time keeping system performance.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 251-256 [Abstract] ( 66 ) PDF (6855 KB)   ( 171 )
257 Multi-GNSS Satellite Clock Offset Prediction Model Based on Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network
JIANG Chunhua, ZHU Meizhen, XUE Huijie, LIU Guangsheng

The quadratic polynomial(QP) model in satellite clock offset prediction is susceptible to noise interference and the prediction accuracy is not high, so we construct a multi-GNSS satellite clock offset prediction model based on long short-term memory neural network. We analyze the model accuracy of different satellite systems and different clock types based on different modeling schemes. To verify the validity and feasibility of the model, we use the LSTM, QP, and QP-LSTM models to forecast the clock offset with 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h based on 12 h and 24 h clock offset series, respectively. The results show that the LSTM model has the highest accuracy with 24 h modeling data for 1 h prediction. In the LSTM prediction model of multi-GNSS satellite clock offset, the Galileo system has the highest accuracy, followed by the BDS-2 system and GPS system, and the GLONASS system has the lowest accuracy, with STD of 0.018 ns, 0.069 ns, 0.133 ns, and 0.242 ns, respectively. The prediction accuracy of different types of atomic clocks varies. The prediction accuracy of hydrogen atomic clock is better than Rb atomic clock and Cs atomic clock. The prediction accuracy of LSTM neural network model is improved by 27% compared to QP-LSTM model and 36% compared to QP model.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 257-262 [Abstract] ( 68 ) PDF (4216 KB)   ( 196 )
263 A GNSS Instantaneous Clock Offset Model Considering Parameter Sparsity
ZHOU Shengqi, WANG Zhongyuan, HU Chao, WANG Ruiguang, YAO Xueyan

We propose a GNSS instantaneous clock offset model construction algorithm considering parameter sparsity. The algorithm is constrained by adding L1 norm term(Lasso) to the least squares polynomial fitting, and the clock offset model is fitted by sliding modeling, that is, sliding Lasso fitting method. Using GFZ 300 s clock offset products as training data, the regularization parameters are obtained through 10-fold cross-validation, and the clock offset model is established. The satellite clock offset fitting accuracy and PPP accuracy are compared with the commonly used clock offset densification algorithm. The experimental results show that the sliding Lasso fitting method can effectively eliminate the influence of excessive jump of clock offset in local clock offset data during the fitting process, prevent the model from overfitting, and improve the fitting accuracy and PPP accuracy of the clock offset model.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 263-266 [Abstract] ( 69 ) PDF (4298 KB)   ( 149 )
267 Characteristics of Isostatic Residual Topography in the Tianshan Area and Their Geological Significance
KONG Fanliang, ZHANG Xingyu, LIANG Qing, CHEN Chao

The distal effect of continuous collision and subduction of the Indian plate onto the Eurasian continent during the Cenozoic reached the entire Tianshan region, strongly modifying the lithospheric structure of the Tianshan and adjacent blocks. To better understand the lithosphere evolution and deformation process in the Tianshan area, we first use a combined inversion method of gravity and seismic data to obtain the lithospheric density anomalies in the study area, and then calculate the isostatic residual topography considering the lateral variation of effective elastic thickness. The results show that the amplitude of isostatic residual topography ranges from -1.6 to 0.9 km and corresponds well with each tectonic unit. The isostatic residual topography of different parts of the Tianshan is characterized by different features, with higher negative values in the central part, indicating a strongly thickened lower crust, and with lower negative values in the west part, possibly related to asthenosphere upwelling, and with low positive values in the east part, suggesting that lithospheric deformation is dominated by surface uplift.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 267-271 [Abstract] ( 64 ) PDF (4008 KB)   ( 175 )
272 Field Source Resolution of Mobile Gravity Network in Northern Tianshan
AILIXIATI Yushan, LIU Daiqin, ABUDUTAYIER Yasen, CHEN Li, LI Jie, ZHAO Lei, LI Bingye

We establish the gravity anomaly disturbance checkboard model with different resolutions using the spherical hexahedral element network model, and perform the gravity field modeling experiment based on the terrestrial mobile gravity measurement point distribution in northern Tianshan region. We then evaluate the field source resolution of mobile gravity network in northern Tianshan. The results show that under the assumption of the existence of field source anomaly with density difference of ±1×10-3 g/cm3 at 10 km below the surface, the northern Tianshan gravity network can identify field source anomaly of 0.75°×0.75°. Most areas in gravity network can identify anomaly of 0.5°×0.5°. Some areas with a dense measurement points distribution can identify anomaly of 0.25°×0.25°. Considering the existing network shape, topography, traffic conditions, the best optimization plan of gravity network is given.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 272-276 [Abstract] ( 68 ) PDF (7193 KB)   ( 188 )
277 Gravity Changes before and after the 2020 Jiashi MS6.4 Earthquake
YANG Xiong, ZHU Yiqing, ZHAO Yunfeng, WEI Shouchun, CAO Cong, Lü Hongbin, ZENG Yaguang

Based on the observation data of relative gravity and absolute gravity in southern Xinjiang since 2016, the dynamic change of regional gravity field in southern Xinjiang region and its relationship with the Jiashi MS6.4 earthquake on January 19, 2020 are systematically analyzed. The results show that: 1)The change of regional gravity field is closely related to regional tectonics, and many local gravity anomaly areas and high-gradient zones of gravity change are formed along Keping fault, implying that the fault activity caused significant changes of surface gravity field during 2016 to 2020. 2)The gravity field related to the preparation of the Jiashi earthquake has experienced evolution process of “positive gravity anomaly area—four quadrants distribution characteristic and high-gradient zone of gravity change along Keping fault—reverse change and earthquake occurrence”. 3)The cumulative change and differential change of gravity field all reflect the significant gravity anomaly changes before the Jiashi earthquake, which occurred in gradient zone of gravity change, the center of four quadrants, and near the turning of zero contour line. 4)The dynamic evolution of gravity field well reflects the medium-term precursor phenomenon during the preparation and occurrence of the Jiashi MS6.4 earthquake. Based on the anomaly changes of mobile gravity, a certain degree of medium-term prediction was made before the Jiashi MS6.4 earthquake, especially the location determination of strong earthquakes.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 277-282 [Abstract] ( 65 ) PDF (10868 KB)   ( 169 )
283 Design and Implementation of Gravity Three-Dimensional Density Smooth Inversion Software
PENG Yanwu, CHEN Wenjin, TAN Xiaolong, HONG Guoqing

Using the scientific computing language MATLAB, we develop a gravity three-dimensional density inversion software based on smooth constraints, including functions such as three-dimensional density inversion, gravity field forward modeling, data analysis, and visualization. The test results show that the software can invert reasonable density distribution of geological body, which is reliable and practical.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 283-286 [Abstract] ( 64 ) PDF (8150 KB)   ( 141 )
287 Seafloor Topography Prediction in the South China Sea Based on Convolutional Neural Network
WANG Huaibing, WAN Xiaoyun, Richard Fiifi Annan

For the South China Sea region, we use three types of gravity field signals(vertical deflection, gravity anomaly, and vertical gravity gradient anomaly) to train a convolutional neural network model, which is compared and analyzed with shipborne depth and foreign models. The three gravity signals are divided into four groups: gravity anomaly, gravity anomaly combined with vertical gravity gradient anomaly, gravity anomaly combined with vertical deflection, and gravity anomaly combined with vertical deflection and vertical gravity gradient anomaly. The standard deviations between the inversion results of four combinations and shipborne depths are 104.780 m, 102.778 m, 93.788 m, and 88.289 m, respectively, indicating that the accuracy of bathymetry prediction improves significantly with the increase of different types of gravity data. At depth greater than 2 000 m, the accuracy improvement of inversion results is more significant. By setting the proportion of training set to total dataset to 80%, 70%, 60% and 50%, respectively, the standard deviations between the inversion results and shipborne depths are 88.289 m, 91.256 m, 92.833 m and 96.022 m, respectively, indicating that the increase of data can effectively improve the accuracy of model learning results.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 287-292 [Abstract] ( 69 ) PDF (6080 KB)   ( 139 )
293 Ocean Tide and Atmospheric Loading Effects of Superconducting Gravimetric Observations at Yichang Station
WEI Gongzhe, LIU Ziwei, JIANG Ying, ZHANG Xiaotong, ZHOU Hao, LI Hui

Based on the superconducting gravimetric observations at Yichang seismic station in 2017, we obtain the accurate local gravity tidal parameters of Yichang station by harmonic analysis of observation data after data preprocessing, polar motion correction and long-period trend correction. We select the NAO.99b and osu.Chinasea.2010 ocean tide models to study the influence of ocean tide loading on gravimetric observation. The results show that the amplitude change of ocean tide loading at Yichang station is about 25 nm·s-2, and the tidal parameters improve after ocean tide loading correction. We use the time-domain admittance method and global atmospheric model ERA-Interim to calculate the atmospheric loading effect of Yichang station. The results show that the atmospheric gravity admittance factor of Yichang station is -3.219 3 nm·s-2·hPa-1. The amplitude change of atmospheric gravity loading in the near region is about 160 nm·s-2, and can reach 70 nm·s-2 in the far region. The global atmospheric loading effect cannot be ignored when processing and analyzing superconducting gravimetric data.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 293-298 [Abstract] ( 71 ) PDF (3710 KB)   ( 132 )
299 Reducing GRACE North-South Striping Noise Using Improved PnMl Method
LIN Jiayi, XU Chuang, JIAN Guangyu, YU Hangtao

There is a obvious north-south striping noise in the inversion results of GRACE unconstrained monthly time-varying gravity field spherical harmonic coefficient model. We provide an improved PnMl method that fits the high degree coefficients with hierarchical polynomial in order to better suppress the north-south striping noise. Further, we analyze the performance of two methods in the frequency, time and spatial domains. After applying the improved method, the residual striping noise between 30°S~30°N is further reduced, the anomaly amplitude uplifts beyond 50 degrees are suppressed, and the abnormal peaks in mass change time series are diminished. Besides, the SNR index and three-cornered hat method are used to evaluate the performance of improved method. The results show after processing by this method, the gravity field models provided by Center for Space Research(CSR), GeoForschungs Zentrum Potsdam(GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL) achieved an optimal SNR of 1.77, 1.35, and 1.39, respectively, while reducing their uncertainty by 20.50 mm, 36.40 mm, and 19.61 mm compared with P4M6 method.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 299-303 [Abstract] ( 62 ) PDF (7894 KB)   ( 149 )
304 Indication of the Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Lithospheric Magnetic Field to Seismic Activity in the Northern North-South Seismic Belt and Surrounding Areas
YANG Lei, CHEN Shuanggui, YAN Wansheng, ZHANG Yu, LEI Guang, YANG Long

Based on the mobile geomagnetic original vector data from 2020 to 2022 in the northern North-South seismic belt and surrounding areas, we obtain the two phases of spatio-temporal variation model of lithospheric magnetic field. The results show that the magnetic declination, total intensity and vertical component in the study area change from a positive anomaly high gradient zone to a negative anomaly high gradient zone, and the zero-value line of magnetic inclination roughly distributed along the strike line of block boundary. The local weakening area of amplitude of horizontal and vertical vectors and the direction change areas are mainly distributed at the block edge and block boundary areas. The amplitude and direction of vectors are significantly different at the block boundary, the fault zone and its surrounding area, and both sides of the fault zone. The magnetic anomaly variation at historical epicenters are characterized by the distribution of zero-value line, high gradient zones of magnetic field components, local weakening and direction mutation of horizontal and vertical vectors. The characteristics of lithospheric magnetic field anomalies in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet block, the southeastern margin of Alxa block, the northwestern margin and northern region of Ordos block are obvious.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 304-309 [Abstract] ( 62 ) PDF (4415 KB)   ( 127 )
310 Detection Effects of Different Exploration Methods on Buried Faults with Small Fault Throw
ZENG Jinyan, LI Zihong, CHEN Wen, HU Guirang, YAN Xiaobing

We investigate the spatial location of Guojiazhuang fault in Linfen basin and study its activity characteristics by shallow seismic exploration, composite drilling section exploration and trenching. The results show that there are great differences in the disclosure of fault information by different detection methods. The shallow seismic exploration can obtain ideal results when detecting faults with certain fault throw and certain physical property differences in the strata, and the detection effect varies with different working parameters. The composite drilling section exploration can improve the resolution of faults with small fault throw, but the faults with small fault throw and thin identification layer may be missed due to the subjective recognition of terrain and strata. The trenching can effectively identify the small fault throw of surface faults, but it is affected by construction depth and construction conditions. The combination of three methods can accurately determine the spatial location and activity characteristics of faults.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 310-315 [Abstract] ( 67 ) PDF (13428 KB)   ( 168 )
316 Comprehensive Detection of Sumatou Fault Based on High Density Electrical Method and Engineering Survey
KUANG Ye, WEI Kejia, XIAO Ruiqing, YANG Chengcheng

Based on the high density electrical inversion results, we investigate and study the trace distribution and structural features of Sumatou fault combing with drilling, exploration well and other engineering survey methods. We observe the terrain of Sumatou fault, and conduct 14C dating of stream terraces. The dating result is 13 436±210~40 724±6 332 a, indicating that the Sumatou fault has not been active since the late Pleistocene. It is concluded that the Sumatou fault is an NNE trending buried fault with a strike of about 25°, a tendency of SE, a dip angle of about 65°, and a fractured zone width of about 20 m. The latest active age of Sumatou fault is the middle Pleistocene.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 316-320 [Abstract] ( 65 ) PDF (10338 KB)   ( 126 )
321 Using High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Profiles to Reveal the Shallow Tectonic Characteristics of Linying Fault
TIAN Yiming, JI Jifa, YUAN Hongke, FENG Shaoying, ZHU Guojun, ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Guijun, YANG Xinyou, HE Yinjuan, QIN Jingjing, AN Tailin

To study the shallow tectonic characteristics of Linying fault, we complete two high-resolution seismic reflection profiles across the fault. Based on the obtained seismic reflection profiles, combined with petroleum seismic profiles and regional geological data, we analyze the location, shallow tectonic features, and activity of Linying buried fault. The results show that Linying fault is a normal fault with an overall northwest strike and northeast dip. The latest active age is early Pleistocene. A secondary fault is developed in hanging wall of the fault, forming an inverted “Y” shape with the main fault. The research results can provide seismology basis for seismic risk assessment, urban planning, and land use in Xuchang city and its adjacent areas.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 321-324 [Abstract] ( 66 ) PDF (8354 KB)   ( 147 )
325 Study on the Effective Elastic Thickness and Structural Implication of the Lithosphere in Northeast China
CHANG Jinlong, CHEN Shi, LI Dongni, LIU Shujie, LEI Kaiyue

Based on the WGM2012 Bouguer gravity anomaly data, we obtain the effective elastic thickness Te distribution of the lithosphere in northeast China. We use the wavelet multi-scale decomposition method to invert the lateral difference of different deep geological bodies in the region. We analyze the relationship between deep lithosphere structure and seismicity based on the seismicity characteristics of the key seismic monitoring areas(northern section of Yishu fault zone, Zhalantun area, Changbaishan area). The results show that the Te of northern section of Yishu fault zone is about 15.5 km, and the rock has weak deformation resistance. The lateral density difference of shallow part is obvious, and the focal depth is shallow. The Te of Zhalantun area is about 24.5 km, and the rock has strong deformation resistance. The lateral density difference of deep part is large, and the focal depth is deep. The Te of Changbaishan area is about 11.5 km and is relatively active due to the hot mantle dynamics under the subduction effect of western Pacific plate.

2024 Vol. 44 (3): 325-330 [Abstract] ( 65 ) PDF (8179 KB)   ( 148 )
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