Firstly，the comparative researches on the advantages and disadvantages of the spacewise method，timewise method，direct method and analytical method are carried out，and study progress in satellite gravity gradiometry recovery method at home and abroad is summarized.Secondly，this study compares the accuracies of the GOCE Earth gravity field models released by the international research institutes.1）GOCEonly satellite gravity field models：GO_CONS_GCF_2_SPW_R1/R2 (SpaceWise Method)，GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R1/R2/R3/R4 (TimeWise Method)，GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R1/R2 (Direct Method)，ITGGOCE02，etc.；2）GOCEcombined satellite gravity field models：GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R3/R4 (Direct Method)，GOCO01S/02S/03S，EIGEN6S/6C/6C2,DGMIS，GOGRA02S，etc.The research results show：the accuracy of the GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R4 model is averagely improved by 8.883 times than that of the GO_CONS_GCF_2_SPW_R1 model in 210 degrees，the accuracy of the GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R4 model is averagely 4.388 times higher than that of the GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R1 model in 250 degrees，and the accuracy of the Earth’s gravitational field recovery is optimal based on the direct method due to independent of the prior Earth gravity field model and the rigorous theoretical framework.

Horizontal bedrock ground motion parameters are important for the seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites.The contact algorithm were applied to construct 2dimension FEM simulation model which included the active faults.We considered the focal mechanism solution to explore a proper scenario earthquake parameter setting for NGA model in order to supply the input time history.Dynamic FEM method were used to calculate the PGA and Sa(T）which had considered the source characteristics and dielectric characteristics.We use Tangshan M4.7 Earthquake in 2012 to verify the method，and the comparison of FEM and observations in time or frequency domain proved that the method was promising.We also find that the bedrock ground motion PGA on both sides of the fault distributes discontinuously.

GPS data from 2004 to 2012 of continuous stations of Fujian GPS Observation Network were examined using TEQC software，and annual statistics report of MP1、MP2 and CSR for every station were organized.The comparison of IGS standard with field survey indicates：1）The MP1 and MP2 value of the stations established in earlier period was stable，some CSR values changed violently because of the lightning strikes，covering of the surrounding trees and electromagnetic interference within 100 meters.2）Anticycle slips ability of the new GPS receivers are better then the old.3）90% of the 30 stations new established are better than the IGS standard.The covering of surrounding trees leads to the index higher than the standard.

Both static coseismic displacements and high rate GPS (Global Positioning System）time series are processed and analyzed for continuous GPS stations around the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake.GPS stations less than 50 km far away from the epicenter record high rate GPS time series clearly，with the largest horizontal kinematic variation of about 70 mm.The nearfield surface deformation lasted for approximately 30 s.The static displacement pattern agrees well with the mechanism of thrust earthquake，such as 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake.Offsets are toward the epicenter，as amplitude decaying with distance.In our results，the largest horizontal offset of 21 mm is observed at SCTQ station，29 km far away from the epicenter.About 1-2 mm coseismic jumps could be detected up to about 150 km away from the epicenter.Observed surface displacements are modeled using Okada’s formulation of a single fault buried in infinite elastic halfspace.Simulated annealing algorithm is used to inverse optimum resolutions for fault location，width，length，depth，dip angle and average fault slip.Strike angle of fault is constrained to the result from fault plane solution using seismic waves.Our fault slip result shows that Lushan earthquake is a purely thrust event，which rupture only about 20 km around the epicenter in the fault plane，with average inverse slip about 0.6 m.

The interferences of solar activity and geomagnetic during the period of Lushan Ms7.0 Earthquake were analyzed with IONEX TEC data and the difference between IONEX TEC and IRI TEC.The result shows that the disturbance of ionosphere TEC apperered in the epicenter before and after the Earthquake.The disturbance of global ionosphere TEC trended to move from the west to the east，symmetrical in the equatorial.

Dynamic gravity variation in the northeastern margin of QinghaiTibet plateau during 1994~1995、2002~2003 and 2011~2012 were decomposed by using multiscale decomposition technique of discrete wavelet.Based on this result，gravity anomalies were mainly analyzed for Yongdeng Ms5.8 earthquake on Jul.22,1995、Minle Ms6.1 earthquake on Oct.25,2003 and Wuwei Ms4.9 earthquake on May.11,2012.The result shows that the three earthquakes are reflected effectively by the 4order detail.Gravity anomalies near the epicenters are more obviously in 4order wavelet details，which appear widely in the dynamic patterns of gravity field.The result is significant for determining the potential seismic rick.

A consistent velocity field was derived from the GPS observations carried out in north China starting from 1999.A blockdislocation model was established and the characteristics of major tectonic blocks and faults were analyzed using the simulated annealing algorithm.The result shows that the Euler vectors of all tectonic blocks are relatively smaller with respect to the South China block.Fault activities are insignificant generally.ZhangjiakouPenglai Tectonic Belt is undergoing leftlateral motion，with a slipping rate of 1 mm/a.The western segment and the eastern segment of the Belt are different in terms of slipping magnitude，with locking depths in 40 km and 30 km，respectively.Shanxi Fault Belt is characterized by a rightlateral slipping with a rate of 1 mm/a，and a locking depth of 30 km.Tanlu Fault exhibits rightlateral motion，with a slipping rate of 1 mm/a，and a locking depth of 40 km.

The Bortala Region is one of the potential area suffering from serious geohazards，where geographical types are various and complicated.By means of existing data，field investigation，DEM and geological map of the Bortala region，the main geohazard distribution were studied and geohazard susceptibility coefficients was computed by 6 independent factors (elevation，slope，relief，gap density，annual rainfall，lithology）on ArcGIS as a platform.Based on the geohazard susceptibility coefficients，the study area was divided into five classes，namely very low susceptibility，low susceptibility，moderate susceptibility，high susceptibility，and very high susceptibility，and the geohazard susceptibility map was produced.The results show that highsusceptibility zones located in   moderatehigh mountains and river valleys with high reliefs，steep slopes，intensive gully and soft rock.

Terrestrial water storage (TWS）change in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins was investigated using timevariable gravity data from GRACE.Comparisons between GRACEderived TWS change and hydrological models in seasonal and interannual scale indicate that the TWS variation in the Basins is consistent with precipitation in temporal and spatial patterns.The results demonstrate that timevariable gravity data from GRACE can be used to monitor global or regional TWS change and equivalent water height changes in cm level.

TOPEX/Poseidon（T/P）altimeter data and tide gauge data from 1994 to 2000 were used for analyzing the annual and quarter sea level variation on the coast of Hong Kong.The results show that processes of sea level variation obtained with TOPEX/Poseidon（T/P）altimeter and tide gauge data are synchronous.The relative rising rate of sea level from the tide gauge is 12.18mm/yr，and the rising rate of absolute sea level obtained from T/P is 7.73mm/yr，which is 4.45mm/yr less than the former.That means that it is possible to speculate the ground subsidence in Hong Kong by using the satellite altimeter data and tide gauge data.

Analysis of continuous 8 days gravity data of Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC）before Yutian Ms7.3 earthquake on Feburary12，2014 indicated that the gravity disturbance signals with the period of 4~8 seconds appeared 6days and 2days before the Earthquake and formed 2 belts.The first one is HegangTaiyuanYinchuanKorla，the second one is WenzhouXiamenXiangfanWanzhou.The phenomenon is significant to comprehensively understanding the disturbance before the earthquake and its mechanism.

According to the technical specification for Crustal Movement Observation Network of China（CMONOC)，the comparison of absolute gravimeters taking part in the CMONOC must be done before the measurement to check accuracy，stability and system deviation of absolute gravimeters.The aim of this work is to provide a reference basis for the observation.In June 2013，the contrast observation was carried on in four different absolute gravity measurement stations.The results show that the deviations of every instrument are less than ±2×10^-8ms^-2，which can meet the absolute gravity measurement requirements of CMONOC.

In this paper,an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO）was proposed.In the algorithm，the influence of neighborhood optimal particle was considered，nonlinear inertia weight decreasing strategy and learning factor dynamic adjustment method was introduced.the dam prediction and inversion of multisource monitoring data was carried using the IPSO_BP model which was formed by the improved IPSO combined with BP neural network.The results show that the convergence speed of IPSO_BP model is faster，the new model can effectively improve the ability of prediction and inversion of dam multisource monitoring data.

The simulation of tunnel seismic wave field under complex conditions using the finite element method was presented in the paper.The characteristic analysis of the multidirections and multicomponents of the reflection records in tunnel indicate the importance of the separation of interested reflected seismic wave ahead of tunnel face from other directions and that of interested Pwave and Swave.Based on several numerical models，the analysis of flexibility of the FK conversion for the wave field separation show that FK conversion is effective in the separation of the multidirections and multicomponents of the reflection records from the wave ahead of tunnel face，even if the dips of reflector ahead of tunnel are varying widely(90°-45°).Because of the effects of high apparent velocity and interference waves，in the subsequent processing,Pwave has been separated as the main basis for Swave profile.For the angle of reflection layer<45°,due to its timedistance relationship is nonlinear，the difference between the designed filter of apparent velocity which based on the linear relationship of the direct wave and actual relationship is too large for pressure or shear waves,therefore errors of separation are large,so adopted migration processing before the FK conversion for the flat dipping fault.

This paper takes seismic activities during 135m and 175m water impounding in 2003 and 2012 separately as examples to summarize reservoir earthquake type in the Three Gorges area. Microearthquake swarm after 135m water impounding in June 2003 was a typical case in point of nontectonic reservoir induced earthquake, which were mainly due to karst collapse、minecollapse and superficial stress adjustment. And M_L3.8 earthquake sequence in 2012 was a good example of tectonic reservoir triggered earthquake, which was closely related with Xiannvshan fault and Jiuwanxi fault. Water loading is closely related with rapid response, and delay response is mainly caused by water penetration.

In the paper，the interior and exterior geomagnetic fields were separated.The equivalent current systems of interior and exterior geomagnetic field were calculated and inversed for Zhangbei Earthquake.The relations between the geomagnetic “lowest shift” phenomenon and the equivalent current systems were analyzed.The preliminary results show there is a clear relation between them.So，the equivalent current systems may be cause of the geomagnetic “lowest shift”.

The small earthquake swarm occurred nearby the 3# tailing pond of Pingguo aluminum mine in Guangxi during June to July 2013.The spatial distribution of epicenters is concentrated，and the focal depth is very shallow.Seismic waveform show that the fluid takes part in the process.The direction of principal compressive stress of larger earthquakes is not consistent with the regional tectonic.The fluid had higher triggerring strength according to the quantitative detection，based on Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model(ETAS model).The leakage of tailing pond payed a direct role in the earthquake swarm.

Based on forecasting ability of SVM related to Support Vectors，an improved rolling forecasting model was proposed by rejecting the non support vectors.The practical dam monitoring example showed that the improved method was effective,and the forecasting accuracy was improved.

Body strain data from Xi’an Seismic Station were processed，and the abnormal changes of body strain before，during and after Wenchuang Earthquake were obtained.Analysis of  reliability of the abnormal changes indicate that body strain data in Xi’an Seismic Station notebly responsed the Earthquake.

For a small curvatureradius and a large curvature pipejacking construction，the relative measurement is difficult.Traditional onestep measurement and laserguided measurement has been unable to meet the construction requirements，therefore，this paper proposes an advanced automatic guidance pipejacking system.Take jianxianXinnong，Fuzhou city 220kv transmission line’s three curved pipejacking engineering for example，through algorithm optimization and actual pipejacking project analysis，this paper solves the automatic guidance problems of automatic guidance pipejacking system in such works.At the same time，it elaborates methods of automatic guidance and analyzes accuracy of pipejacking guide，thus indicate the superiority and reliability of this system in pipejacking project.Finally，through the application of the automatic guidance system it solves the encountered measuring problems in the process of guidance，ensuring accurate conduction of jacked pipe.

Based on the triplefrequency carrier phase combination observation，this paper propose a simple and efficient single epoch ambiguity fixing method(TCCAR）which can be successfully used to the Beidou triplefrequency rapid relative positioning.In relative positioning，the main problems of traditional lambda search method are cycle slip detection，ambiguity fixing and long search time.TCCAR method could quickly fix the ambiguity by the three combinations of extra wide lane，and also this method could avoid cycle slip problem because it’s a single epoch solution.By processing the real data received at 10 May 2013 on the roof of a building at Tsinghua University，TCCAR method could improve the 44.91% of the solve speed than the LAMBDA search resolution.Finally the triplefrequency relative positioning accuracy could achieve mm level for a 15.26m baseline.

Precise point positioning (PPP) accuracy of compass and GPS was compared using the data from Rongcheng,Xiaguan,Yanchi,Tangshan and Zhenzhou,with PANDA software.The results show that: Beidou navigation PPP accuracy in horizontal direction is 12 cm,in vertical direction is 34 cm;GPS PPP accuracy in horizontal is less than 1 cm,and in vertical direction is about 12 cm.Although the PPP accuracy of the Beidou navigation system is 50% lower than the PPP accuracy of GPS,it is suitable for use in  the fields in which requirement of accuracy is not high.

By taking the smallest standard deviation of cycleslip as the standard，the wavelength of phase combination and amplification factor of ionospheric delay as the constraint condition，a linear independent carrier phase combinations for Beidou are selected.Combining with the theory of multifrequency cycleslip detection，and according to the feature of three kinds of satellites within Beidou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)，the performance of cycleslip detection in the case of different types of satellites is discussed.By using Beidou triplefrequency observation data，the performance of cycleslip correction is verified.The result shows that proposed method can detect and repair cycleslips of triplefrequency undifferenced observations of GEO and IGSO satellite.And cycleslips of observations of MEO satellite can be detected and repaired in case of high data rate.

The carrier phase smoothing is generally used to reduce the influence of multipath effect and measurement noise in reginal area augmentation system，and only single frequency pseudorange observations are used in the divergencefree smoothing.A smoothing scheme based on the linear combination of code measurement for redusing theinfluence of multipath effect，and improving the accuracy of Beidou code differential position，is proposed in this paper.The results calculated with the new method for real data was show that the position accuracy is significantly improved.

A rigorous model extracting the 3D dimension deformation field by integrating the multiple aperture interferometry (MAI）data and the conventional InSAR data along both ascending and descending orbits for was proposed in the paper.The coseismic deformation field caused by the 2003 Bam earthquake (Iran）was selected as the testing site，and the 3D deformation field derived with the model is compared with the existing fault model and the azimuth offsets (AZO）derived by coregistration of amplitude images.The testing results indicate that the azimuth displacement derived by MAI is improved in terms of accuracy and computation efficiency，and the 3D coseismic displacement is consistent with the fault model.The root mean square error (RMSE）between the two types of results are 2.7，4.1 and 3.2 cm in vertical，northsouth and eastwest direction，respectively.

Through example of IGS stations in China’s inland and coastal，the FES2004 and NAO99b ocean tidal model which are advanced models at present and different earth models are adopted to calculate the effect of ocean tide loading on displacement of station and baseline length,the results show that the magnitude of the effect on displacement of station is up to centimeter，which is mainly reflected on the U direction，the magnitude of offshore stations is 3-4 times as large as that of inland stations，the differences between the different ocean models achieve the magnitude of millimeter in coastal areas，and the differences between different earth model is small，which can be ignored，the relative influence of ocean tide loading on GPS baseline length is about 10^-8.The data of several days is processed through GAMIT，the results of calculation show that the effect of ocean loading on baseline components is similar to that of stations，the magnitude of which is millimeter，the influence on the determination of zenith delay in coastal regions can be up to 1 cm.

Extended Kalman filter (EKF）algorithm is widely used in all kinds of nonlinear systems.However，EKF algorithm has high requirement to the quality of GNSS observation data.If observation data contains some gross errors，the convergence of EKF algorithm will be distorted.A combined method of robust estimation and EKF is proposed to deal with the gross errors in GNSS kinematic positioning.According to the test data，the new method can effectively control the influence of the gross errors and improve accuracy as 70% or more.

The elevation angle and SNR Combined stochastic model was proposed in the paper，based on thecomparison of influence of different stochastic modelequal weight model，elevation angle model and SNR model on positioning，The result of analyzing the data from an experiment of vehicle running shows that this model is obviously superior to equal weight model and also better than elevation and SNR model.

A method to evaluate heliport clearance was proposed，based on AutoCAD VBA secondary development program conducted and heliport clearance principle.In the method，a model of the obstacle limitation surfaces for each military heliport clearance area and a program ware costructed，using VBA language.The pragam can generate flat map of each military heliport clearance area and obstacle clearance evaluation database automatically.The flat maps will show location of the obstacles in the military heliport clearance and clearance assessment results.The experiment showes that the method is simple，efficient,and easy to keep secrecy.Therefore，it is suitable to military heliport clearance assessment.

The iterative method for the weighted total leastsquares was proposed in the paper.The linear fitting of an example was analyzed with the method and conventional weighted total leastsquares respectively.The results show that accuracy and precision obtained with the method are higher than that obtained with the latter，and the fixed elements of coefficient matrix are not changed after the calculation.All of these prove that the method in this paper is correct.

Reestablishment of the initial condition for GM (1，1）mode was introduced in the paper.Firstly，characteristics of different initial condition for GM (1，1）modeling has been discussed，then，a rolling initial condition for GM(1,1）was established based on the fusion metabolic GM (1,1）and the principle of new information as first priority.Finally，RnGM was used to analyze and predict the deformation of surrounding rock in tunnels and subsidence of highrise building.Comparison of the model with other models shows that RnGM model is able to improve the precision of prediction and therefore can be applied to deformation data analysis.

How to determine the weight matrix of carrier phase which comes from different navigation satellite system has become an important factor of precise positioning of combined system.The double difference carrier phase model and stochastic model of combined GPS/Beidou system are analyzed.Helmert method of variance components estimation is used to determine the weight matrix of carrier phase that come from GPS and Beidou systems.The results of experimental data processing show that both the accuracy and reliability of the baseline solution were improved.

The tests analyzing the influence of meteorological factors on the stability of bedrock observation marks were taken for GNSS observation pillars in Huangmei and Jingmen to researchby using vertical pendulum tiltmeter.The result indicates that a regression daily offset movement of the pillars in SN direction and EW direction，and a bigger offset in SN over EW direction.The maximum amplitude of the daily offsets and the daily average offsets of the pillars in SN direction is within 3 mm and 1 mm，respectively，within 2 mm and 0.2 mm in EW direction，and the influence of change of seasons on amplitude is not obvious.The main reason of the offset movements of the pillars is the changes of temperature difference caused by the sunshine.Also，there is no significant relationship between the stability of the observation marks and rainfall，air pressure，and solid tide.The influence of daily offset movement of the bedrock pillars on the highprecision observation reminds us to take temperature protection against the pillars，or to make pillars of the materils with lower thermal expansion rate.

In order to solve the weakness in traditional calibration methods，a device for calibrating tiltmeter on the spot was designed which can generate slight tilt.A test was done using the device to calibrate a VPtype Tiltmeter which was continuous observing in a cave.The result shows that the standard deviation of the scale value is 9414 mV/ms.

Earth tide，earth’s free oscillation and teleseismic surface wave are common signals with different frequency in premonitory data.The perormance in high frequency of DSQ tiltmeter，vs1 vertical pendulum tiltermeter and SQ2I horizontal pendulum tiltermeter at the samesite were compared.The results prove that the perormance in lowfrequency of Earth tide，earth’s free oscillation are consistent，the perormance of teleseismic surface wave are different from each others.The difference of the three tiltermeters’ response might be caused by the difference of perormance in high frequency of the instruments and different length of the base line.

Comparison of the data measured by four kinds of digital levels,and a optical level Ni002A,based on same piles shows that：1）There is not obvious systematic measurement deviation in the digital levels relative to the optical level Ni002A；2）Bar code level rod’s length correction f value must be corrected in the practical leveling measurement；3）SDL1X、DiNi03 and DNA03 style of levels can be used in the onegradeleveling measurement，and DL101C can be used in the twogradeleveling measurement only.